Issue: № 2, 2025
Doi: https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2025.2.24
Introduction. The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies creates new challenges in personal data protection. With the widespread implementation of AI systems across various sectors of society, there is an unprecedented increase in the collection and processing of personal data, significantly elevating privacy risks. According to IBM's Cost of a Data Breach Report 2023, AI-related incidents lead to a 37% increase in average breach costs, highlighting the growing significance of this issue. The purpose of the paper is to investigate current challenges and issues in personal data protection arising from the development and implementation of artificial intelligence technologies, with particular focus on the transformation of existing protection mechanisms and regulatory frameworks. Results. The research identifies several key challenges in personal data protection related to AI systems, particularly the "black box" problem where AI decision-making processes become opaque and difficult to understand. The study highlights ethical concerns regarding large-scale data processing by AI systems, which can lead to privacy violations and discrimination. Analysis of current legal frameworks, including GDPR and the EU AI Act, reveals the importance of comprehensive regulation at both international and national levels. The research emphasizes the need for technical and organizational measures, including data encryption, anonymization techniques, and access control systems. The study also identifies the crucial role of international cooperation in developing unified standards for personal data protection in AI systems. Conclusion. The effective protection of personal data in the age of artificial intelligence requires a comprehensive approach combining legal regulation, technical measures, and international cooperation. The implementation of the «privacy by design» principle and the development of control mechanisms for compliance with data protection requirements are essential. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between innovative technological development and the protection of fundamental human rights in data privacy.
Keywords : personal data protection, artificial intelligence, legal regulation, data security, black box, privacy, data processing, GDPR
References:
1. IBM Report: Half of Breached Organizations Unwilling to Increase Security Spend Despite Soaring Breach Costs. URL: https://newsroom.ibm.com/2023-07-24-IBM-Report-Half-of-Breached-Organizations-Unwilling-to-Increase-Security-Spend-Despite-Soaring-Breach-Costs
2. Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2023. URL: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Security_Outlook_Report_2023.pdf
3. Punda O.O., Arziantseva D.A. Ensuring Protection of Personal Data of Individuals in the Context of Artificial Intelligence Development. Science and Technology Today. 2024. No. 2(30). pp. 132-141. (in Ukrainian).
4. Rezvorovych K.R., Bereda M.V. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Legal System and Personal Data Protection in the Digital Age. Successes and Achievements in Science. 2024. No. 4(4). pp. 241-248. (in Ukrainian).
5. Bazalytskyi V.I. Regulation of Personal Data Processing by Artificial Intelligence in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Current Issues in Modern Science. Law Series. 2024. No. 6(24). pp. 406-419. (in Ukrainian).
6. Bielova M.V., Bielov D.M. Challenges and Threats to Personal Data Protection in Working with Artificial Intelligence. Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod National University. Series: Law. 2023. Issue 79(2). pp. 17-22. (in Ukrainian)
7. Veale M., Zuiderveen Borgesius F. Demystifying the Draft EU Artificial Intelligence Act. Computer Law Review International. 2021. Vol. 22(4). pp. 97-112.
8. Guidotti R., Monreale A., Ruggieri S., Turini F., Giannotti F., Pedreschi D. A Survey of Methods for Explaining Black Box Models. ACM Computing Surveys. 2019. Vol. 51(5).
9. Mittelstadt B.D., Floridi L. The Ethics of Big Data: Current and Foreseeable Issues in Biomedical Contexts. Science and Engineering Ethics. 2016. Vol. 22. pp. 303-341.
10. Kolesnikov A.P., Karapetian O.M. Artificial Intelligence: Benefits and Threats of Use. Efficient Economy. 2023. No. 8. URL: https://doi.org/10.32702/2307-2105.2023.8.9 (in Ukrainian).